Predictive Policing Essay

Information Technology, or IT, is the study, design, creation, utilization, support, and management of computer-based information systems, especially software applications and computer hardware. Information technology is not limited solely to computers, but other devices such as mobile phones, PDAs and other handheld devices. The field of IT is quickly moving from compartmentalized computer-focused areas to other forms of mobile technology. (â€Å"Information Technology,† 2011) Over the last decade, computer and telecommunications technologies have developed at a surprising rate. Increased computing power, advances in data transmission, smart and user-friendly graphic interfaces present law enforcement agencies with unprecedented capacity to collect, store, analyze and share data with stakeholders inside and outside of government. Ultimately, information technology represents a tool to help local law enforcement achieve its broadened and increasingly complex missions. (Reichert, 2001) Using information technology to fight crime by the police officers is becoming increasingly effective in apprehending the crime perpetrators. Historically, technological innovation has served as the substance for intense changes in the organization of police work and has presented both opportunities and challenges to police and other criminal justice practitioners, according to Janet Chan, a social scientist who has studied how information technology affects the way police do their jobs. 1 Noting that . information is the stock-in- trade of policing,. Chan has identified three general imperatives driving law enforcement’s evening investment in information technology. Using information technology in policing has add that more efficiency to the police department. Comparing the old-fashioned way of patrolling the streets to combat crime to then use them of using technology to predict the crime area and patrolling in advance deters crimes from happening. There are many advantages associated with using information technology in policing. Comparative analysis shows that using information technology (IT) to combat crime has save lot of resources and time in the police department. There are a number of other advantages that can be associated with the use of information technology in the police department. For instance they use of Automated Field Reporting System by the police department has eradicated the use of hand writing of reports at the field by the Police Officers. Officers completed handwritten incident reports in the field and submitted them at the end of a shift to a field supervisor. After reviewing and approving reports, field supervisors would send them to a central repository for filing, usually in the department’s records section. Personnel in the records section were responsible for distributing copies to other units in the department, such as the appropriate investigative unit, and entering information from the incident reports into a database. Depending on the specific system at a police department, the incident report process could take days, or even weeks, from the time the report was written to its availability in a database. The AFRS had saved Polices from going through all these processes. Even the time of going back to the office to submit the report has been saved by the police officers. The use of information technology makes the police officers to be able to know where a crime may potentiality happen, and their presence ahead of time help prevent the crime. Whereas random patrolling has the potential of missing the crimes area and that give criminals the leeway to perpetrate their criminal act. Using technology by the police helps them to arrive at the crime scene as early as practicable; this helps the offices to trace the criminals and apprehend them. It’s called â€Å"Predictive Policing† a program which Capt. Sean Malinowski says puts officers on the scene before crimes occur. â€Å"Sixty-five percent of our crimes are burglary, grand theft auto and burglary from a motor vehicle† Malinowski said. â€Å"And that’s what these boxes represent. † â€Å"The real measure of this is not how many people you catch it is how much crime you prevent,† said Beck. â€Å"I love catching people — it’s what I live for — but what I’d rather do is live in a place and work in a place where crime didn’t happen.† These include inputs, processing, output, and feedback. Inputs are collected in a form of data. The departments of the Police depends upon police incident and arrest reports for their crime data, but they also used computer-aided dispatch (CAD) data to aid identify geographic hot spots. In Minneapolis, officer debriefings of suspects were an additional feature of the information/data-gathering process. The Compstat process began when an officer filled out an incident/arrest report that he or she then hands to a commanding officer for approval. Once approved, a data clerk, who is located in the district, or in headquarters, enters crime information from the reports into a records management system (RMS). At this point the analysts in the Crime Analysis Unit (CAU) selected the data on the crimes that were regularly presented at Compstat meetings and entered them into a computer database. using a data management program, either MS Excel or MS Access. The main field research techniques we used were participation, observation, and formal interviews with city officials and police at various levels in the chain of command. At each site, researchers observed weekly or biweekly Compstat meetings and interviewed city and police department personnel. These included the mayor, city manager, chief, civilian staff, middle managers or district commanders, captains, lieutenants, detectives, first-line supervisors or sergeants, and patrol officers. District commanders previously relied heavily upon reading daily crime reports to identify problems and patterns, and they supplemented this information with personal experience and subjective evidence. The data is then analyzed and processed to make more meaningful. In conducting intensive field research, the police officers are especially interested in attaining detailed information on the role of Compstat-generated data and in learning about the â€Å"scanning† part of the problem-identification process. How were problems analyzed, and how were tactics reviewed and selected? What was the scope of the treatment developed to deal with a Compstat identified problem, in terms of the resources mobilized to deal with it? Was there a reorganization or mobilization of resources to address the problem, or was it handled merely by the routines of individuals or units already assigned to these duties? How were rank-and file officers involved in this process, if at all? Were specific officers or patrol units made accountable for addressing problems? How much follow-through was there on these initiatives? Data-driven problem identification and assessment: Compstat has significantly enhanced management and analysis of data. Examining crime maps and reviewing summary statistics was not essential to this process. Crime data helped inform but did not drive decision making.

Most Admired Person

Do you have any person that you admire most in your life? I’m sure that the so-called admiration characteristic is a natural instinct for every human being. Whenever something or someone that fit our appetites feasts into our eyes, we surely will come into an action which is known as admiration. We might completely or partially transform in the way whereby our admired persons do. Therefore logically, all of us should have the most admired person in recesses of our hearts. There is no exception for me as well. Indeed, I always admire a well-know British female author. She wrote novels and a few articles which sold more than 400 million copies worldwide and had won multiple awards such as British Children’s Book of the Year (1998 and 1999), Nestle Smarties Book Prize (1997, 1998 and 1999) and so on. In addition, one of her novel series had been basis for a popular film series which starring by Daniel Radcliffe, Emma Watson and Rupert Grint. Well, I guess you all surely recognize this author. Yes, she is the author for the famous Harry Potter series, J. K. Rowling. I admire her not just only because of her success, but also involve some reasons. Have you ever heard about her â€Å"rags to riches† life story? She started to write this novel when she was on a four-hour-delayed train trip from  Manchester  to London in 1990. The idea for a story of a young boy attending a school of wizardry â€Å"came fully formed† into her mind at that time. However, the sudden death of her mother due to multiple sclerosis had heavily affected her writing. As you look through the Harry Potter first book, you will find out that she introduced much more detail about Harry's loss, because she knew about how it felt. Her marriage had failed once and by that time, she became a jobless single mom with a dependent child. She even had to survive on state welfare support. She described her failure as a stripping away of inessential. However as the saying goes, â€Å"when there’s a will, there’s a way. † Soon the â€Å"Harry Potter† series become popular around the world, she become twelfth richest woman in United Kingdom. Her life story showed that â€Å"rags to riches† is always possible to achieve as long as there is a strong will and hard work in our souls. In order to attain success in our lives, we should be braver and not easily given up in which shown by her nature. â€Å"Anything’s possible if you got enough nerve,† she said. Therefore, we should go for it but not in reckless manner and grab any opportunities that knock our doors to avoid crying over the spilt milk. Furthermore, when we step upon this journey of life, we always must come across with choices in life. At first, I quite confused and wondered about the choices I need to make and scared if I have made a wrong decision. Nevertheless, the quotes by Rowling herself had inspired me in different ways. One of her quote is â€Å"It is impossible to live without failing at something, unless you live so cautiously that you might have well not have lived at all, in which case you have failed by default. † And the other is â€Å"It is our choices†¦ that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities. † Out of the blue, I realized about what she had said. We should never afraid to make decisions as without failure we cannot gain life experiences. Failure is always the path which leads to success. Moreover, the choices we have made are showing who we are. In other words, we have to be honest to ourselves and not self-deceiving. Life is painful and yet meaningful journey. Choices that we made will lead us to different paths and at there we will learn essential life lessons. â€Å"Imagination is not only the uniquely human capacity to envision that which is not, and therefore the fount of all invention and innovation. In its arguably most transformative and revelatory capacity, it is the power to that enables us to empathize with humans whose experiences we have never shared. She quoted. This is also a reason why I admire her. In fact, I love to imagine and hoping that I can produce my own fantasy novel just like her. Imagination is not only part of my life, but it also comforts me and gives me more visions. In directly, I can try to feel the experience which I never been through. I also can share my joy and tears by expressing them through imagination. Of course, imaginations need to be written down or drawn out to become permanent thing. As life is quite dull, imagination is the only way I seek for endurance and satisfaction. In short, J. K Rowling has her own special personality which influences me in many aspects. Her â€Å"Harry Potter† series has motivated me to move further and take the first step. As a matter of fact, I start to conceive a storyline for fantasy novel. In the future, I might be able to publish my novel to worldwide although I am now pursuing the pharmacy career. However, do not afraid to take actions, so just step forward. I will always refer to her personality and learn her attitude towards life in order to become a real man. By that time, my success is within my reach and that will be my precious moment!

American Welfare System

American welfare system is a supervision agenda that offers funds, health care, food, shelter, and other things that citizens want so as to stay alive. People who can receive help from these welfare programs are kids, elders, the disabled, and others who are not capable to sustain their family unit on their contemporary earnings. The welfare system of America has set off from a well-meaning program intended to sustain inhabitants who are incapable to work and afford for their children, to a program that has grow to be prolific to abolishing the continuous dependence of the beneficiaries.The American wellbeing structure will: ? help more welfare heirs accomplish self-rule through labor ? look after children and fortify families ? allow states to inquire about new and original solutions to help welfare recipients get independence Collapse of the System It must be understand that the American welfare system, as we discern it, ought to be unchanging over an extended period of time; but r egrettably this system was ineffective to do so. American welfare system was failed to achieve its objectives and in providing relieve to ordinary people.Yet those who are â€Å"pro-welfare† are disgruntled with the mechanism in isolation. Several problems that contribute their part in the collapse of the U. S. welfare system: Administrative Overheads: The administrative expenses of all the different welfare programs are certainly soaring. It is costly to appraise cases, manage civil services, allocate benefits, watch recipients, arraign fraud, sue disagreements, and examine performance. Incomplete Coverage: Numerous people who are eligible for benefits fail to obtain them because they either do not apply or are shockingly rejected.Even now more people are really deprived, but do not suitable because they do not fall into an apposite class. Complexity: The management of welfare is very convoluted. There are a great many initiatives. The key programs diverge by state; local li beration varies by province. There are accurately thousands of special welfare programs in the United States, covering the land like a frayed collage coverlet. The technical regulations of the crucial programs are discouraging. AFDC is so multifaceted that officials turn to review sheets to determine donations.The parameters are too intricate to comprehend (Bernstein and Greenberg, pp. 11-13). Despite of the aforesaid dilemmas, there are further matters which were foundations for the breakdowns of the American welfare system are: ? Ineffective to keep people beyond the poverty line ? Discrepancy state regulation ? Unavailability of occupations for welfare recipients in the private zone ? Recipients have requirements that widen beyond income upholding ? Too little advantages Proposals for Improving the SystemIt is time for welfare system to implement policies that will construct swift and noticeable development. Programs should be formulated to cope with people cut off or on wellbein g. The trouble of a great number of brood being born into poverty must be condensed to lessen the number of people needing welfare. States powerless to locate jobs for welfare recipients in the private region must be compelled to produce community service jobs and the like to support the unwaged (Bernstein and Greenberg, p. 14).The American welfare system will get better if it executes the following proposals: Create universal access to health care, establish a universal maternal and child health program, update the conditions for eligibility, make plans for sub-populations, enlarge economic efficiency support the family, support the society, provide greater social alternative and alleviate greater idleness insurance. Work Cited Bernstein, J. and Greenberg, M. (2001), Reforming Welfare Reform, American Prospect, Vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 11-14.

Medical Ethics and Recognizing the Higher Faculties of Humans Assignment

Medical Ethics and Recognizing the Higher Faculties of Humans - Assignment Example Written by Mitch Albom in 1997 to pay for his favorite teacher’s medical bills (CNN, 2001), â€Å"Tuesdays With Morrie† has sold more than 1 million copies and is one of the top literature used to teach and cultivate critical thinking skills in undergraduate health care courses. The novel tackles the true story of Morrie Schwartz, a sociology professor of Brandeis University who developed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or more commonly known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. It is a summary of the weekly conversation between the author and Morrie which dealt with issues such as marriage, family, relationships, culture, love, emotions, forgiving, aging and death. Mitch described it as their â€Å"last class together†¦[where they] talked all day about what’s important in life once you know you’re going to die† (CNN, 2001). The book is often categorized as a biographical and philosophical novel and is read for entertainment but it also provides different insights for medical practitioners. Over the years, it has served as a guide towards understanding health equity, and social justice in health care. Its lessons about aging and dying provides readers with a unique approach towards dealing with individuals who are terminally ill. The story raises various moral dilemmas, perhaps the most important of which is the understanding of death. In the book, Morrie remarks, â€Å"Everyone knows they’re going to die, but nobody believes it† (Albom, 1997, p.76). This was a comment not only about the fear of death, but also, the lifestyles that people live. Morrie believed that most Americans do not prepare for death, hence they are unable to appreciate their lives. He expounds, â€Å"[M]ost of us walk around as if we’re sleepwalking. We really don’t experience the world fully, because we’re half asleep, doing things we automatically think we have to do† (Albom, 1997, p. 77). People prioritize work over their families because they think they need money in order to enjoy life, but in the process, they waste their time working, never realizing that their families are moving on without them. People have become so involved in materialistic things that they never really appreciate the beauty of nature, â€Å"the loving relationships we have, the universe around us, we take these things for granted† (Albom, 1997, p. 78). Morrie’s insights were unique in that it talks about the failure of the American culture to provide its people with a sense of purpose. The American belongs to a society of consumers – their homes, cars, and bank accounts determine their success. Hence, early in life, most people are already conditioned to work hard in order to fulfill their economic needs. For Morrie, people waste their time running after things that does not provide them with purpose. He says to Mitch,

Macroeconomics Theory Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Macroeconomics Theory - Term Paper Example Foreign exchange rate is the price of one currency in terms of another currency. BOP has direct relation with the foreign exchange market as the spending of the consumer depends on the value of currency in other countries. Under the free-floating currency regime (McGregor) the balance of payment depends highly on the forces of supply and demand. In this free-floating regime, the price of the currency automatically adjusts according to the requirement which equals the supply and demand of the currency. This shows that in this market conditions, price automatically is in equilibrium in the balance of payment. There is no intervention by the government due to which the outcomes are automatically achieved by counteracting between both the current account and the capital account. This market is also termed as â€Å"self-correcting market† which fluctuates continuously based on the changing market conditions. Under the fixed-rate currency regime (Bized), intervention by the governme nt is mostly seen to regulate the exchange rate. The price in this exchange rate is not automatically adjustable as compared to the floating exchange rate. The government has to intervene to adjust the value of foreign currency to the country’s currency. ... It is an essential tool to analyze the macro-economic policy. The relation between the unemployment and income is that falling unemployment might give rise to inflation and on the other hand rising unemployment would lead to fall in the inflation. To reduce the unemployment rate, average demand must be increased which would increase the employment for short-period (Baumol and Blinder). Supposing that the economy is stable at Y. Increase in the government spending will shift the AD curve from AD to AD1 which would lead to the increase in income and reduction in the unemployment in the short term. The outward shift of the AD curve to AD1 takes the equilibrium to Y1 which creates a positive gap which is thought as the cause of rise in inflation. Due to such shift the price changes from P to P1 but due to the inward shift of the AS curve the price again shifts from P1 to P2 which shows increase of the P but the shift brought back the equilibrium at Y at P2. The major reason for the rejec tion of Keynesian theory was the weakness regarding the stagflation in 1970’s. Keynesian theory was focused on increasing the government spending when the unemployment was high and when the inflation becomes a problem the government should reduce its spending. This shows that Keynesian theory was addressed to stabilize the economy through government creating cash flows (Dornbusch, Fischer, and Startz). After the rejection of Keynesian theory regarding stagflation, New classical became the new standard. The reason behind the selection of New Classical theory as a standard was the price system which efficiently adjusted the supply and demand in all market. This theory was focused on simple basis that the equilibrium point is achieved when the quantity supplied

The Existence of the Supreme Being Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Existence of the Supreme Being - Essay Example With regards to the argument of design, aspects of the argument were inspired by Aristotle and Plato (O'Neill 110). It was adapted by Christian philosophers Augustine and Thomas Aquinas. The design argument argues that there is an observable design or order in the universe even though the design is not always flawless or perfect. The existence of such design confirms the existence of a Designer such as a supreme being. Finally, the moral argument clarified by a philosopher, Immanuel Kant, centered on the summum bonum or in other words the "Highest Good". The Highest Good refers to where happiness and moral virtue coincide at their fullest. Human beings, it is experimental, always struggle for this superior plane of existence, and yet they are never able to attain it (Protestantism 1). According to Immanuel, the longing human beings have for moral fairness, as well as happiness, and justice confirms that someone put this desire in their souls. Immanuel’s argument is a similar a rgument made by the Apostle Paul (O'Neill 110).Many famous scientists such as Stephen Hawking have tried to clarify the basis of the universe as a phenomenon from gravity. However, they fail to address the main issue at hand which is the origin of physical law. They need to ask themselves where gravity came from and how something can emerge from nothing since physical law is nothing (Strobel 1). In addition, scientists’ idea of joining universes to flee the conclusion of modification is philosophically unstable., metaphysically motivated, as well as less parsimonious, than the theistic understanding. This also leaves one liable thesis of the Supreme Being as the maker of the universe. This is evident in places such as the bible and other theories that explain the existence of the Supreme Being. The Biblical teachings on the basis of the universe can be found in Genesis 1:1 (Strobel 1). It clearly states that God, the Supreme Being, shaped the heavens and the earth. Hence, thi s surpasses all other theories. The Supreme Being is all powerful since it is recorded that the Being created the whole universe in just a word of mouth (Lutzer 75). The universe is thought to be 100 galaxies long. This requires mysterious powers to form. However, the Supreme Being is deemed to have created the universe in only six days (Lutzer 75). Since the being is thought to have created everything including evil, people wonder why the Being cannot just destroy evil. Surely, evil creates

Description of Temple Run Game Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Description of Temple Run Game - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that  the player is required to collect coins on the way in form of diamond coins primarily yellow but depending on coin value, they can change to red and blue. The collected coins are eventually used in the games store where the player can buy power ups that are beneficial to unlock characters. Mega coins retail at 150coins which is the coin value three times. Boosts helps up to 1000meters as the invisibility lasts 30seconds. Two point coins starts at 1000meters while three point coin starts at 2000meters. As the player continues to survive the higher score, he accumulates points which are five times the value of collected coins.  This study stresses that the target of Temple Run Brave is virtually everyone. Its’ design ensures it can be used by almost everyone who owns a smartphone, tablet or computer and loves speed and racing. The extensive market research that the Temple Run app did is the cause of their success in the flooded market. It is important to note that in the over one billion smartphone and tablets users, games command more than 40% of the time spent on apps. Temple Run has been designed in such a way that it is easy to learn starting from simple to complex tasks. This allows a wide range of users depend on their capabilities and age. The predictable playing pattern allows for all genders to play it hence a wide market range.  Temple Run can be played by children, young adults and adults with a smartphone, tablets, laptops and computers. It is easy to download and can also be played offline.