Reflection Upon A Critical Incident Essay -- Reflection Upon Nursing S

This paper will reflect upon and explore a critical incident which occurred whilst attending a clinical placement.Reflective praxis has become very popular over the last few decades throughout a variety of professions. In some professions it has become one of the defining features of competence. The long spread utilization of reflective practice is due to the fact that it rings true (Loughran, 2000).Within different disciplines, what is understood by reflective practice varies good (Fook et al, 2006). Despite this, some agreement has been achieved. In general, reflective practice is understood as the process of learning through and from experience towards gaining new insights of self and/or practice (Boud et al 1985 Boyd and Fales, 1983 Mezirow, 1981, Jarvis, 1992). This often involves examining assumptions of everyday practice. It also tends to involve the individual practitioner in being self-aware and critically evaluating their own responses to practice situations. The consig n is to recapture practice experiences and think about them critically in order to gain new understandings. This is understood as part of the process of life-long learning. Critical casualty DefinitionCritical Incidents are regarded as valuable learning tools for nurses. (Bailey 1995). Nurses are responsible for providing quality of care to patients (NMC 2015). In order to provide this care on that point is a need to have the ability to critically think, problem solve, make judgement and contribute to planning. Through the use of Critical thinking these skills can be developed, which can allows the nurse to analysis the situation through evidence , logical thinking and the actions that lead to the incident and will result in a budge of p... ...lassets/siteDocuments/NMC-Publications/NMC-Standards-for-medicines-management.pdfOShea, Ellen (1999) Factors contributing to medication errors a literature review Journal of Clinical Nursing 8496-504http//onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.10 46/j.1365-2702.1999.00284.x/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=falseParkinsons Disease content Clinical Guideline for Diagnosis and Management in Primary and Secondary Care (2006) NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 35. London Royal College of Physicians (UK)http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK48513/Parkinsons UK (2015)http//www.parkinsons.org.uk/ news show/news-topics/researchPyne, R. On being accountable. (1988) Health Visitor Jun61(6)173-5.http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3378907Understanding Parkinsons Parkinsons Disease Foundation (2015)http//www.pdf.org/symptoms

Parental Involvement in Education and its Effects on Student Academic P

Parental Involvement in Education and its Effects on Student academic PerformanceEducational standards have recently become a controversial issue especially in lower-ranking schools. One of the controversial issues surrounding educational standards is the lack of enatic stake. Various forms of enatic involvement range from maternal encouragement to get upal partnership with the school. By examining parental involvement in secondary education, one can determine that positive parental involvement will have a profound effect on the students academic performance. Defining parental involvement, family relationships and self-esteem, and relationships between parents and teachers can improve parental involvement. Defining Parental Involvement When dealing with the educational system and findings way to improve it, one cannot neglect that parental involvement is necessary. The question that arises from this is, what exactly is parental involvement? According to Cath erine Hickmann, in Future of High School Success Importance of Parental Involvement, the various forms of parental involvement in secondary schools are parent as a communicator, parent as supporter of activities, parent as learner, parent as advocate, parent as decision maker, parent as volunteer/professional, and parent as home activities teacher. In the article, Relationships between Parent Involvement and Student Achievement, Joyce Flood uses researchers to wound down parental involvement into three categories parent-child relationships at home, parent training or involvement in performance contracts, and parent-school- community partnerships. These categories can be get along defined. Parent-child relationships at home allow... ...ties for students and parents to learn together, and offer community education classes to get parents to come to the school. In the article, Promoting Parental Involvement, there are more ideas to advance the involvement of parents in education which lead children to excel academically. Conclusion This field of research covered parental involvement and its effects on student academic performance. The guidance was on family relations at home and parental involvement at school. When researching this topic, a definition for parental involvement had to be established. The research was not m restricted, since the concern was the general effects of parental involvement in student academics. The research consists of several suggestions on parental involvement, rather than focusing on a specific method in which to involve parents in student education.

Mending Wall Essay -- essays research papers

In Mending Wall, Robert freezing made us aware that something doesnt love the wall in the beginning of the poem, the wall that symbolizes boundary and obstacle between people. Although this restrictive wall gives protection and a feeling of safety for the people who are inside it, it similarly creates a huge barrier to the people who are on the outside. The only difference between a physical wall and an imaginary barrier is that a physical wall bequeath eventually fall apart as time goes by, but the emotional one on the other hand will only get bigger. Does Frost agree with his neighbor on the perspective of relationship between people, or do they each hold a dissimilar idea?In the poem, Frost and his neighbor had a relatively short conversation. We can see that there is a sense of separation between them. Frost rarely talks to his neighbor, and the only time they ever have a chance to communicate is when they are repairing the fences. This lack of communication and understandin g gradually builds up an invisible barrier between them. This invisible barrier that stands between keeps them separate. Even when they are working together fixing the wall, they are staying one on a side of the wall. It seems that Frost enjoys working with his neighbor separately when he says Oh, just another kind of outdoor game, one on a side. that Frost also gives us a feeling that there is other meaning to it. A game very often symbolizes a competition, or a fight. We c...

Jack In The First Five Chapters :: essays research papers

At the start of the novel, there has been an atomic explosion, and the children have been evacuated in an aircraft with a detachable passenger tube. The aircraft has been attacked and released the tube while immediate over tropical seas. The tube has crash landed in the jungle of a tropical island, and the plane has flown off in flames. This is the point when the novel starts. in that respect are four main characters in the book Ralph, Piggy, Jack and Simon. Simon is part of the sing, which is led by Jack, but Ralph and Piggy are not members of the choir, and are in no way related. There are no adults "There arent any grown ups" (P.43)Ralph has found a "conch" (P.21), and has used it to call all the boys on the island together. This is where Jack is introduced into "Lord of the Flies""Something dark was fumbling along" (P.26). This refers to the choir walking along the beach in the distance. This use of language shows us that the choir is dark, e vil, and sinister, and immediately Golding tells us that this host will not be a "good" force on the island. The choir are a militaristic group "marching approximatelywith a hambone frill" (P.26). This shows us that their leader is in total control of the group. This leader is Jack "The boy who controlled themhis cap badge was lucky" (P.26) This shows the authority and status that Jack has over the choir. When the choir reach the platform, Jack shows off "swaying in the fierce lighthis cloak flying" (P.27). This is an attempt to touch the group, create a good impression, enough so he commands their respect as well as the choirs, enough so that he can last control them as well as the choir. Jack does not introduce himself to everyone he first words to the group are "Wheres the man with the trump?" (P.27). He just gives out demands, and expects the group to answer him. This is what he is used to. Jack is a direct contrast with Ralph &qu otpeered down at Ralph(the conch) did not wait to satisfy him" (P.27) This shows us that he believes no-one is as good a leader as him, and that the conch, which called the group together, is below him. This is "simple arrogance" (P.29) on the part of Jack.

Themes of Aldous Huxleys Brave New World :: essays research papers

Aldous Huxleys wrote the young Brave sensitive World in 1931. This dystopia original is mainly narrated in the third person from the characters Bernard or John the savage, entirely a interchangeable comes from the view of Lenina, Watson and Mustapha Mond. The time setting for this novel is referred to A.F. 632 meaning 632 years afterwards the ford production of the Model T car. As for the place setting it takes place in a hatchery that is set in England, however, there is also a scene that takes place in New Mexico where the savage is from. The tone for Brave New World is very juvenile, silly, ironic, and pedantic. Within the novels themes there argon motifs, recurring structures, contracts, or literary devices that help the themes develop. Pneumatic, Ford, sex, and Shakespeare all help the themes to develop the plot for this novel that Huxley has written.Brave New World foc uses on the use of technology to control a happy, sexual, and stable society. They use technology in th e book to create this society from birth to death. In the very begging of the novel the boy students are taking a tour through the hatchery to see how embryos grow and get conditioned. At the end of the book it is this technology that kills the Savage. Soma, descriptor is the cure to everything. Nervous, mad, sad, not feeling sexual, just take some soma. It is the cure to all that doesnt make them happy or feel at ease. In a way the world today uses technology to create a somewhat stable society, but not for a sexual society. The novel also is based on a consumer society that cannot tolerate unhappiness or the truth or what comes next in lifes stages. Brave New World goes to any extreme to make the leads of the people satisfied. The Alphas, Betas, Gammas, Deltas, and the Epsilons do not know what diseases, old age, pregnancy, motherhood/fatherhood, or regular life is like, but they do not have to worry about life. The ten controllers do not want their people to have to face what the world would be like if it was not controlled by the technology. To not be able to be a mother/father, get old, or have time alone seems unfair. This is not happiness, it solo takes away minor problems in life. To grow as a whole we need to have life experiences, whether it is a bad or good experience, we need them to make us, us.

Themes of Aldous Huxleys Brave New World :: essays research papers

Aldous Huxleys wrote the novel support New World in 1931. This dystopia novel is mainly narrated in the third person from the characters Bernard or John the savage, moreover also comes from the view of Lenina, Watson and Mustapha Mond. The time stage setting for this novel is referred to A.F. 632 meaning 632 years after the ford production of the Model T car. As for the place setting it takes place in a hatchery that is set in England, however, there is also a scene that takes place in New Mexico where the savage is from. The tone for Brave New World is very juvenile, silly, ironic, and pedantic. Within the novels themes there are motifs, recurring structures, contracts, or literary devices that assist the themes develop. Pneumatic, Ford, sex, and Shakespeare all help the themes to develop the plot for this novel that Huxley has written.Brave New World focuses on the use of technology to control a happy, sexual, and stable society. They use technology in the book to create this society from birth to death. In the very begging of the novel the boy students are taking a tour through the hatchery to calculate how embryos grow and get conditioned. At the end of the book it is this technology that kills the Savage. Soma, soma is the reanimate to everything. Nervous, mad, sad, not feeling sexual, just take some soma. It is the cure to all that doesnt make them happy or feel at ease. In a way the world today uses technology to create a somewhat stable society, but not for a sexual society. The novel also is based on a consumer society that cannot tolerate unhappiness or the truth or what comes next in lifes stages. Brave New World goes to any extreme to make the needs of the people satisfied. The Alphas, Betas, Gammas, Deltas, and the Epsilons do not know what diseases, old age, pregnancy, motherhood/fatherhood, or regular life is like, but they do not have to worry about life. The ten controllers do not want their people to have to face what the world would b e like if it was not controlled by the technology. To not be able to be a mother/father, get old, or have time alone seems unfair. This is not happiness, it only takes away minor problems in life. To grow as a full we need to have life experiences, whether it is a bad or good experience, we need them to make us, us.

Anne Of Green Gables †Essay Essay

Anne Of Green Gables is a work of tykerens literature written by Lucy Maud Montgomery and was world-class published in 1908. The social and cultural understanding of children depicted during the period in which this novel is set differs greatly from the understandings and expectations of children in todays society. In the novel Anne Of Green Gables, children are depicted as more of a possession to be moulded by their families, children were expected to profess respectably and sensibly even up from an early age and to listen to and show respect to their elders, which differs from todays society where children are allowed to play and any inappropriate behaviour coffin nail be chalked up to kids being kids.There are still some similarities to todays cultural understanding of children and those displayed in the book. For example, in Anne Of Green Gables the importance of study and education is one of the key elements and this is to a fault recognised in todays society as being a vi tal aspect of a childs training. A nonher difference in cultural understanding is the aspect of a childs part in the family, particularly orphans. In the time the novel is set, orphans are down cast and regarded virtually as slaves.However, non only orphans played different roles in the family, all children were expected to do more housework and contri only whene more constructively to the running of a household than what is expected in todays society. Anne Of Green Gables also shows the middling sexist stereotypes of male and female roles in the family and the behaviour expected of both of them. This essay explores all of the above points, and provides commentary from both a literary and historical point of view.Within the work of childrens literature Anne Of Green Gables the importance of a childs schooling is clearly evident. This is first seen when Marilla Cuthbert, not even having officially adopted Anne Shirley yet merely placing her on trial decides to send her to school. Even though Marilla and Matthew Cuthbert have not yet adopted Anne, she still sees shot to give her even some education. Renaissance humanist, Desiderius Erasmus placed considerable emphasis on an early education, directly attacking those who out of a false spunk of tenderness and compassion allow children to be pampered by their dear mothers and spoiled by their nurses(Cunningham, 43).This train of thought is carried throughout to todays society but in a slightly different fashion. Emphasis is still placed on a good early education through pre-school and other much(prenominal) programs in order to give children the earliest possible learning possibilities. The importance of a child attending school rouse also be seen on a social level. Anne, after having arrived on Prince Edward Island, has little or no friends and is socially unaware of what is acceptable and what is not. This could be due mainly to her tragic upbringing after the death of her parents.However, after attending school she is exposed to a new level of social etiquette she has not been exposed to in her past. This leads to her creating a philia friend in Diana Barry. The novel also endeavours to show us the importance of doing well in schooling and that although school and the outside world differ from distributively other, they belong together(Quigly, 45). Anne is tied for the top of her class and as a result gains acceptance with a once sceptical and at times rasping community, especially in regards to Miss Rachel Lynde who was outraged when Marilla told her of her conclusion to adopt an orphan. We also see the pride Marilla has for Anne, although this can not be contributed entirely to her schooling endeavours. We can see that this plays a large part especially when she passes the entrance exam to Queens College.The substance children were treated and expectations placed upon them in Anne Of Green Gables also differ from todays society, children were seen as more of a possession to be moulded like wax whilst its soft(Cunningham, 43). From an early age children were expected to act respectfully and sensibly and it was expected that they would contribute constructively to the up keeping of the household showing the treatment of children to be autocratic(Hendrick, 1). The novel also shows us the difference between orphan children and non-orphan children, we are shown the down-cast class status orphans have within the community and Ms Lynde portrays this perfectly sexual intercourse Marilla stories of orphans murdering their adoptive parents showing the naivete and bequeathingness to believe that a child brought up with no parents had not been moulded, and therefore was dangerous.This coupled with the influence Miss Lynde has on Marilla causes Marilla to come to the decision to put Anne on trial but when Anne is first made aware that she came to Green Gables by mistake, she knows that she is, in a sense, on trial and may not remain there. She decides not to go outdoors because that will only increase her love for the place and cause her to miss it all the more if she must leave. (Sullivan). This shows how quickly people will judge especially when influenced by others.This influence is made more apparent as Anne is just a child and the consideration of what is best for her is not unfeignedly considered. We see Anne as a dreamer when we are first introduced to her she escapes into her own fantasys through books and escapes the torment of her past and what she believes her terrible future by making friend with her reflection in the glass, the image in which Anne may find refuge from the wounds of fragmentation, and postpone her inevitable confrontation with her alienated representation (Slater). However, it is not until she is introduced to other children that we see the true extent her isolation has had on her social behaviour.She has little understanding of social behaviour and etiquette and how to handle challenging social situations. Fo r example, loosing her check when Gilbert Blythe is rude to her or when Miss Lynde insults her and Anne explodes at her. These examples show that Annes lack of social exposure has lead her to be unable to handle tempered social circumstances and can not control her temper. Seeing Anne transform from childhood to adulthood is a perfect example of how children can be moulded by their families. Through Marillas actions and influence Anne is moulded into the lady she becomes.Throughout the novel we can see aspects of Marillas personality and behaviours mirrored in Anne. Anne goes from being naive and niggling tempered to becoming a unbendable minded, learned girl much like Marilla, in addition to this Anne chooses her friends much like Marilla who has a close conclave of female friend Anne chooses kinship in a similar arbitrary and heterogeneous fashion(Marcuse,164) showing that even small parts of a childs surrounding can have both profound and baneful effects on the childs perso nality. We can see through how Anne is moulded by Marilla that the way childhood was spent was crucial in determining the kind of adult that the child would become (Cunningham, 41) and this is proven by the end of the novel when Anne decides to plosive in Avonlea with Marilla and teach rather than go to college.Anne Of Green Gables also shows the rather sexist beliefs of the time. This can be seen constantly by Marilla and Anne staying home cooking, cleaning, sewing, scrubbing the floors and Marilla telling Anne on numerous occasions to make sure Matthews dinner is ready and served on time. This shows the contrast between the roles expected of women and men, it was the mens task to work the fields and perform any manual labour needed and the task of the women to ensure a clean house and dinner for the man.However, we can also see some contrast to this idea in the accompaniment that femineity and masculinity have a very fine line in this book, in the case of Anne and Marilla at any rate, we can see that Anne and Marilla show many traits of Masculinity that are displayed in the novel they are both extremely strong willed and whilst Marilla seems submissive at times ignoring her feelings in order to maintain her friends Anne will speak her mind and thinks before acting, she is very strong willed.We can see this contrasted with the Barrys beliefs, Diana Barry is not allowed to attend special after classes for students wishing to attend Queens. We can assume that this would be due to the typical belief that women should care for their husbands and Diana would be trained as a housewife instead, this shows that major differences thus exist between children according to were they live their social class gender and ethnicity (Gittins, 36). The Barrys decision is in direct contrast to that of Marillas. Marilla encourages Anne to attend special classes and wants the best life and education for her. Marilla is not married, and believes that a girl should know how to fen d for herself. Such beliefs wouldnt be common during those times.Anne Of Green Gables shows us the contrast between modern beliefs and beliefs during the period the novel is set in. We see particularly strong differences in the way female and male roles are portrayed, and in addition to this the roles depicted in the novel have a sexist connotation about them that would not be seen in todays culture. We also see the difference in class culture and the expectation of orphans and the stereotype they are labelled with.Anne Of Green Gables highlights this fact and reminds us that no matter what a childs background, it is their eventual upbringing and early education that will determine their future, the surrounding and environment a child is exposed to will determine the eventual outcome of a childs personality and decisions no matter how obvious or subtle these influences may be, a major part of this surrounding is the exposure to education and schooling and it is because of this point the book manages to effectively highlight the importance of schooling not just on an educational level but also on a social one and the effects it can have on a childs personality and beliefs. The belief that schooling is a vital part of a childs upbringing are still held in todays society and although Anne Of Green Gables was written over a century ago, the messages contained within still hold value in todays society.

Education for Students with Exceptional Needs Essay

Education is a detrimental factor to ones success. Through lump bringing up an individuals knowledge is maximized and nurtured. It is because stiff education hones the human mind to think critically and helps human mind in improving its decision making ability. Education also allows individuals to learn around history that enable them to better understand the present and face the challenges of the future. Education helps individuals receive information from the external world.The things people learn through formal education atomic number 18 the very foundation that permits them to move up in the world and seek better jobs. While it is true that hands-on-experience is an important aspect to get to the top, formal education and training atomic number 18 also essential to be qualified for top positions. Raw talents are important but they also need honing and the top hat way to hone them is through experience and assistance through schooling. Education is a must for everyone.Indivi duals with exceptional needs should also be given extend to opportunity to learn and gain knowledge. Teaching students with exceptional needs is indeed a challenge (Adams, 2006). Teachers who wish to impart their services to these individuals should be equipped, trained, and should posses great attention and care. I believe that the experiences and learning that I am gaining from the university would significantly help me to become a better teacher for these individuals.My major helps me understand that the field of particular(prenominal) education is an evolving and changing discipline. It is based on philosophies and it involves studying evidence-based principles and theories, which could be complicated without the guidance of experienced professors. In addition, teachers must learn how to communicate effectively with students and parents so that students will buzz off a more enriched learning experience. I have always been taught that sharing knowledge to others is one of the best ways to help people.Teachers are heroes, they say. I do not want to become a hero but I simply want to help others. Individuals with exceptional needs have to be helped so that they could also learn to stand on their own. Giving them education is one way to support these people. It will help the students reach their sufficient potential and give them more confidence. This will also empower parents and give them less worry regarding their children. Sincerity is an important trait of a person works for individuals with exceptional needs.I sincerely want to help them that is why I chose this field as my career. I believe that pursuing a career on the field of special education would give me the opportunity to help others. As a rehabilitation service major, I know that I will be able to impart my knowledge to these individuals and help them in my own little way. Many teachers are not very enthusiastic in pursuing a career in special education since this is a very challenging task . On the contrary, I am one of those who enjoy facing challenges.Since there are only few who choose the path on special education, I decided that I will be one of the few who could make a difference to these individuals with exceptional needs. I also believe that all people could actually learn. However, since each person is unique, appropriate instructional support is needed curiously for individuals with exceptional needs. Thus, training is needed to become a suitable teacher for these individuals. That is why I highly appreciate all the things that I learn in the university because I know that the knowledge will help me in my future career.

Isolation in Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, by Emily Bronte, is set in the detached Yorkshire moors during the early nineteenth century and depicts the lives of two distinguish families. Because Wuthering Heights was written during the Romanticism movement, many characteristics of the movement are reflected by the novel. The characters reasons for becoming isolated are universal and can be connected to situations show in modern music. Bronte reveals universal aspects of the human condition by highlighting the manner in which the characters become isolated- either by their own choice or unintention whollyy.Catherine has made herself ill by refusing food and drink for days. Believing she is on the verge of death, Catherine becomes hysterical and remembers her childhood with Heathcliff. During this episode, Catherine reveals her true feelings about her marriage to Edgar and her longing to be a child again. I had been wrenched from the Heights, and every early association at that time, had been converted at a stroke into Mrs. Linton an exile, an outcast (pg. 118). Catherine has unintentionally isolated herself from where she belongs and is mournful in the high-society culture of Thrushcross Grange.Although Catherine believed raising her social status and obtaining corporeal objects would make her happy, it is not the case. Catherine does not fit in with the mannered and refined society at the Grange and realizes she truly belongs with Heathcliff. Catherine longs to be a child again because she had freedom in nature with Heathcliff, her true love. A similar situation occurs in A iodine million million Ernies Hermit Crab. In this song, the anonymous speaker feels tortured and alone although they have all the material objects one could wish for. This is torture at its finest adduce/ My blankets are warm and theres too much on my plate/ but I think Ill sleep under the stars tonight/ I feel depicted object lying on a rock, sleeping in a tent/ Ive got everything I need right here/ I th ought I had it all (A Billion Ernies). Warm blankets, a plate of food and a glowing fireplace do not satisfy the speaker. The speaker feels isolated in her/his true situation and longs to be free. Having freedom in nature fulfills the speaker more than having materialistic wealth. The speaker in Hermit Crab and Catherine were isolated in their situations although they had material riches.Both realize where they truly fit in, where they could be free from isolation, and no longer believe material objects and riches lead to happiness Catherine Linton has recently given give birth to a child and passed away. Shortly thereafter, Isabella unexpectedly arrives at the Grange flustered and upset. Isabella tells Nelly of a violent fight between Hindley and Heathcliff, which has caused her to run away. These evens cause Edgar Linton much heartache and he to chooses to isolate himself from society. He refrained from going anywhere where he was likely to see or hear of Heathcliff.Grief, and that together, transformed him into a complete hermit (pg. 173). Edgar Linton experiences intense grief as a result of the death of Catherine Linton and the fleeing of Isabella and isolated himself at the Grange. These events cause Edgar to question where he belongs and his purpose in the world, which he contemplates while isolated. Similarly in What Hurts the Most, by Rascal Flats, the anonymous speaker is lamenting the loss of a loved one. The speakers loved one passes away before he has a chance to say everything he wants to her, which is what hurts him the most. Its hard to deal with the pain of loosin you everywhere I go / Its hard to force that smile when I see our senile friends and Im alone/ Still harder gettin up, gettin dressed (Rascal Flats). The speaker finds it difficult to live without his loved one and see the friends of his loved one. Simply getting up in the dawn is difficult for the speaker because he is now questioning the world. After the death of a significant person, facing society is difficult and sorrow causes isolation and confusion. numerous of the universal, everlasting truths of the Romantic movement are still present in prose today.Even in todays society, people feel isolated when they do not belong in a place, no matter what the reasons. Worldly objects do not bring happiness and only a sense of belonging brings freedom from isolation and slumber of mind. Also, even in modern times, the loss of someone close causes mixed emotions about life and a persons sense of belonging. The death of a loved one continues to cause such intense lamentation that a person may choose to isolate himself/herself from society. The human condition is timeless.

Effects of Too Much Technology in Children Essay

The effects of technology can be serious from children not making it come out of the closetside to ADD and ADHD. to the highest degree children spend more time in front of a television than they do breezeing outside with friends (TV). As more technology comes out every day, we have to set a limit for children. Being around too much technology can eventually affect you mentally. There ar a lot of things now that could bring on ADD or ADHD, but there could be another cause. Studies have shown that technology is jump to play a major part.A study at Iowa State University showed that people who play video games for more than two hours a day have manifold the chances of developing an attention disorder (Pytel). Using too much technology can definitely affect someone mentally. Another setback about victimization too much technology is that its driving children away from going outside and playing with friends. Some childrens all contact with nature is by dint of Discovery Channel or Nation Geographic Channel. You will barely ever see kids playing at the local park anymore.Not only has too much technology lead to driving kids away from nature, but also childhood obesity, laziness, and addiction to games and internet because of it. Parents need to stimulate action and take their kids outside instead of letting them sit in front of a TV all day long (Mehta). Taking action is a moldiness in order for kids to get away from the technological world. A big part of kids not making it outside is because of the media world advertising things electronic. Nowadays, everything from a cereal box to a TV show or commercial is advertising either a game or a TV show.Somethings declare online realistic worlds that you can make your own you. Not only could this bring your child to more technology, but let them live in a realistic world and not the real world. Companies make online games that you have to tend to every day or you will lose coins or some sort of virtual money, thus bringing children even closer to the world of technology. Another thing is that television advertisements. On almost every childrens TV show there is a commercial for some video game or TV show that they just have to see.When kids see other kids, for example, playing video games online or off, they think that its okay to do that too. Notice that companies never set a limit on how much you can play every day. preferably of advertising video games, why dont they start advertising getting outside and getting moving? Advertisements are a huge define on kids. Too much technology usage can affect a child seriously. From childhood obesity and game addictions to ADD and ADHD, technology is starting to effect the next generation of tomorrow in a negative way.

Shared memory MIMD architecture

Introduction to MIMD ArchitecturesMultiple direction watercourse, multiple informations watercourse ( MIMD ) machines have a figure of processors that function asynchronously and independently. At any clip, some(prenominal)(predicate) processors may be set up to deathing diverse book of instructions on different pieces of informations. MIMD architectures may be apply in a figure of application countries such(prenominal) as com vexer-aided program/computer-aided fabrication, simulation, mold, and as communicating switches. MIMD machines preempt be of either shargond retrospect or distributed shop classs. These categorizations argon based on how MIMD processors main course memory. Sh bed memory machines may be of the bus-based, drawn-out, or hierarchal image. Distributed memory machines may hold hypercube or mesh interconnectedness strategies.MIMDA type of multiprocessor architecture in which several direction rhythms may be active at any given clip, each independently ta king instructions and operands into multiple treating units and runing on them in a coincident manner. Acronym for multiple-instruction-stream.multiple-data-stream.Bottom of Form( Multiple Instruction watercourse Multiple information watercourse ) A computing machine that can treat devil or more independent sets of instructions at the same time on two or more sets of informations. Computers with multiple CPUs or individual CPUs with double nucleuss atomic number 18 illustrations of MIMD architecture. Hyperth scaning besides consequences in a certain grade of MIMD public presentation every bit good. Contrast with SIMD.In calculating, MIMD ( Multiple Instruction watercourse, Multiple Data watercourse ) is a technique employed to accomplish correspondence. Machines utilizing MIMD have a figure of processors that function asynchronously and independently. At any clip, different processors may be put to deathing different instructions on different pieces of informations. MIMD archite ctures may be used in a figure of application countries such as computer-aided design/computer-aided fabrication, simulation, mold, and as communicating switches. MIMD machines can be of either dual-lane memory or distributed memory classs. These categorizations are based on how MIMD processors entree memory. Shared memory machines may be of the bus-based, drawn-out, or hierarchal type. Distributed memory machines may hold hypercube or mesh interconnectedness strategies.Multiple Instruction Multiple DataMIMD architectures have multiple processors that each actualize an independent watercourse ( sequence ) of machine instructions. The processors execute these instructions by utilizing any accessible informations instead than being forced to run upon a individual, divided informations watercourse. Hence, at any given clip, an MIMD system can be utilizing as many different direction watercourses and informations watercourses as there are processors.Although package processes put to deathing on MIMD architectures can be synchronized by go throughing informations among processors through an interconnectedness web, or by holding processors examine informations in a divided memory, the processors independent executing makes MIMD architectures asynchronous machines.Shared Memory Bus-basedMIMD machines with overlap memory have processors which bundle a common, cardinal memory. In the simplest signifier, all in all processors are attached to a cultivate which connects them to memory. This weapon is called bus-based divided memory. Bus-based machines may hold an another(prenominal) coach that enables them to pass on straight with angiotensin converting enzyme another. This extra coach is used for synchrony among the processors. When utilizing bus-based overlap memory MIMD machines, barely a little figure of processors can be supported. There is contention among the processors for entree to shared memory, so these machines are restrain for this ground. These machines may be incrementally expanded up to the point where there is pointlessively much contention on the coach.Shared Memory ExtendedMIMD machines with extended shared memory elbow grease to ward off or cut down the contention among processors for shared memory by subdividing the memory into a figure of independent memory units. These memory units are connected to the processsors by an interconnectedness web. The memory units are treated as a incorporate cardinal memory. One type of interconnectedness web for this type of architecture is a crossbar shift web. In this strategy, N processors are linked to M memory units which requires N times M switches. This is non an economically executable apparatus for linking a big figure of processors.Shared Memory HierarchicalMIMD machines with hierarchal shared memory usage a hierarchy of coachs to give processors entree to each other s memory. Processors on different boards may pass on through inter nodal coachs. Buss support comm unicating between boards. We use this type of architecture, the machine may back up over a 1000 processors.In calculating, shared memory is memory that may be at the same time accessed by multiple plans with an purpose to supply communicating among them or avoid excess transcripts. Depending on context, plans may run on a individual processor or on multiple separate processors. Using memory for communicating inside a individual plan, for illustration among its multiple togss, is by and large non referred to as shared memoryIN HARDWAREIn computing machine hardware, shared memory refers to a ( typically ) big block of random entree memory that can be accessed by several different cardinal treating units ( CPUs ) in a multiple-processor computing machine system.A shared memory system is comparatively easy to plan since all processors portion a individual position of informations and the communicating between processors can be every bit fast as memory entrees to a same location.The rec ognize with shared memory systems is that many CPUs need fast entree to memory and will probably hoard memory, which has two complicationsCPU-to-memory connexion becomes a constriction. Shared memory computing machines can non scale really good. Most of them have ten or fewer processors.Cache viscidity Whenever one lay away is updated with information that may be used by other processors, the alteration needs to be reflected to the other processors, otherwise the different processors will be working with incoherent informations ( see cache coherency and memory coherency ) . Such coherency protocols can, when they work good, supply highly high-performance entree to shared information between multiple processors. On the other manus they can sometimes go overladen and go a constriction to public presentation.The options to shared memory are distributed memory and distributed shared memory, each holding a similar set of issues. See besides Non-Uniform Memory Access.IN SOFTWAREIn compu ting machine package, shared memory is eitherA regularity of inter-process communicating ( IPC ) , i.e. a manner of interchanging informations between plans running at the same clip. One mental process will make an country in RAM which other procedures can entree, orA method of conserving memory infinite by directing entrees to what would normally be transcripts of a piece of informations to a individual case alternatively, by utilizing serviceable memory functions or with expressed support of the plan in inquiry. This is most frequently used for shared libraries and for Execute in Place.Shared Memory MIMD ArchitecturesThe distinguishing characteristic of shared memory systems is that no affair how many memory blocks are used in them and how these memory blocks are connected to the processors and address infinites of these memory blocks are structured into a planetary reference infinite which is wholly seeable to all processors of the shared memory system. Publishing a certain m emory reference by any processor will entree the same memory block location. However, harmonizing to the physical organisation of the logically shared memory, two chief types of shared memory system could be distinguishedPhysically shared memory systemsVirtual ( or distributed ) shared memory systemsIn physically shared memory systems all memory blocks can be accessed uniformly by all processors. In distributed shared memory systems the memory blocks are physically distributed among the processors as local memory units.The three chief design issues in increasing the scalability of shared memory systems areOrganization of memoryDesign of interconnectedness websDesign of cache coherent protocolsCache CoherenceCache memories are introduced into computing machines in order to convey informations closer to the processor and hence to cut down memory latency. Caches widely accepted and employed in uniprocessor systems. However, in multiprocessor machines where several processors require a transcript of the same memory block.The care of consistence among these transcripts raises the alleged cache coherency job which has three causesSharing of writable informationsProcedure migrationI/O activityFrom the point of position of cache coherency, informations social organisations can be divided into three categoriesRead-only informations constructions which neer cause any cache coherency job. They can be replicated and primed(p) in any figure of cache memory blocks without any job.Shared writable informations constructions are the chief beginning of cache coherency jobs.Private writable informations constructions pose cache coherency jobs merely in the instance of procedure migration.There are several techniques to keep cache coherency for the critical instance, that is, shared writable informations constructions. The applied methods can be divided into two categorieshardware-based protocolssoftware-based protocolsSoftware-based strategies normally introduce some limitat ions on the cachability of informations in order to forestall cache coherency jobs.Hardware-based ProtocolsHardware-based protocols provide general solutions to the jobs of cache coherency without any limitations on the cachability of informations. The monetary value of this attack is that shared memory systems must be extended with sophisticated hardware mechanisms to back up cache coherency. Hardware-based protocols can be classified harmonizing to their memory update policy, cache coherency policy, and interconnectedness strategy. Two types of memory update policy are applied in multiprocessors write-through and write-back. Cache coherency policy is divided into write-update policy and write-invalidate policy.Hardware-based protocols can be farther classified into three basic categories depending on the nature of the interconnectedness web applied in the shared memory system. If the web expeditiously supports broadcast medium, the alleged Snoopy cache protocol can be well exploit ed. This strategy is typically used in individual bus-based shared memory systems where consistence commands ( invalidate or update bids ) are broadcast via the coach and each cache snoops on the coach for incoming consistence bids.Large interconnectedness webs like multistage webs can non back up airing expeditiously and hence a mechanism is needed that can straight frontward consistence bids to those caches that contain a transcript of the updated information construction. For this intent a directory must be maintained for each block of the shared memory to administrate the existent location of blocks in the possible caches. This attack is called the directory strategy.The 3rd attack attempts to avoid the application of the dearly-won directory strategy but button up supply high scalability. It proposes multiple-bus webs with the application of hierarchal cache coherency protocols that are generalized or extended versions of the individual bus-based Snoopy cache protocol.In line drawing a cache coherency protocol the undermentioned definitions must be givenDefinition of possible provinces of blocks in caches, memories and directories.Definition of bids to be performed at assorted read/write hit/miss actions.Definition of province passages in caches, memories and directories harmonizing to the bids.Definition of transmittal paths of bids among processors, caches, memories and directories.Software-based ProtocolsAlthough hardware-based protocols offer the fastest mechanism for keeping cache consistence, they introduce a important excess hardware complexness, peculiarly in scalable multiprocessors. Software-based attacks represent a good and competitory via media since they require about negligible hardware support and they can memorize to the same little figure of annulment girls as the hardware-based protocols. All the software-based protocols rely on compiler aid.The compiler analyses the plan and classifies the variables into four categoriesRead-onlyRead -only for any figure of procedures and read-write for one procedureRead-write for one procedureRead-write for any figure of procedures.Read-only variables can be cached without limitations. Type 2 variables can be cached merely for the processor where the read-write procedure tallies. Since merely one procedure uses type 3 variables it is sufficient to hoard them merely for that procedure. Type 4 variables must non be cached in software-based strategies. Variables demonstrate different behaviour in different plan offsets and hence the plan is normally divided into subdivisions by the compiler and the variables are categorized independently in each subdivision. More than that, the compiler generates instructions that control the cache or entree the cache explicitly based on the categorization of variables and codification cleavage. Typically, at the terminal of each plan subdivision the caches must be invalidated to guarantee that the variables are in a consistent province before ge t downing a new subdivision.shared memory systems can be divided into four chief categoriesUniform Memory Access ( UMA ) MachinesContemporary unvarying memory entree machines are small-size individual coach multiprocessors. Large UMA machines with 100s of processors and a shift web were typical in the early design of scalable shared memory systems. celebrated representatives of that category of multiprocessors are the Denelcor HEP and the NYU Ultracomputer. They introduced many advanced characteristics in their design, some of which even today represent a important milepost in correspond computing machine architectures. However, these early systems do non incorporate either cache memory or local chief memory which turned out to be necessary to accomplish high public presentation in scalable shared memory systemsNon-Uniform Memory Access ( NUMA ) MachinesNon-uniform memory entree ( NUMA ) machines were designed to avoid the memory entree constriction of UMA machines. The logically shared memory is physically distributed among the treating nodes of NUMA machines, taking to distributed shared memory architectures. On one manus these check computing machines became extremely scalable, but on the other manus they are really sensitive to data allotment in local memories. Accessing a local memory section of a node is much faster than accessing a distant memory section. Not by opportunity, the construction and design of these machines resemble in many ways that of distributed memory multicomputers. The chief difference is in the organisation of the address infinite. In multiprocessors, a planetary reference infinite is applied that is uniformly seeable from each processor that is, all processors can transparently entree all memory locations. In multicomputers, the reference infinite is replicated in the local memories of the treat elements. This difference in the address infinite of the memory is besides reflected at the package degree distributed memory multicom puters are programmed on the footing of the message-passing paradigm, while NUMA machines are programmed on the footing of the planetary reference infinite ( shared memory ) rule.The job of cache coherence does non look in distributed memory multicomputers since the message-passing paradigm explicitly handles different transcripts of the same information construction in the signifier of independent messages. In the shard memory paradigm, multiple entrees to the same planetary information construction are possible and can be accelerated if local transcripts of the planetary information construction are maintained in local caches. However, the hardware-supported cache consistence strategies are non introduced into the NUMA machines. These systems can hoard read-only codification and informations, every bit good as local informations, but non shared modifiable informations. This is the separating characteristic between NUMA and CC-NUMA multiprocessors. Consequently, NUMA machines are n earer to multicomputers than to other shared memory multiprocessors, while CC-NUMA machines look like existent shared memory systems.In NUMA machines, like in multicomputers, the chief design issues are the organisation of processor nodes, the interconnectedness web, and the possible techniques to cut down distant memory entrees. Two illustrations of NUMA machines are the Hector and the Cray T3D multiprocessor.www.wikipedia.comhypertext manoeuvre protocol //www.developers.net/tsearch? searchkeys=MIMD+architecturehypertext transfer protocol //carbon.cudenver.edu/galaghba/mimd.htmlhypertext transfer protocol //www.docstoc.com/docs/2685241/Computer-Architecture-Introduction-to-MIMD-architectures

Exceptional needs children Essay

MichaelMichael, a five-year- sexagenarian male, just diagnosed with listening loss and a speech disorder, has not acquire to speak properly and is working with a speech therapist three times a week. Michael does not show any progress in learning letters or numbers. His p atomic number 18nts are worried that he might be labeled in crop and not allowed to participate in regular schoolroom activities. Michael is scheduled to start kindergarten in a month and the school psychologist wants to test him to see if he should be placed in special education classes. After speaking with Michaels parents, it is base that he is an only child and does not play with children in the neighborhood. Although, he has occasionally play dates, Michael struggles to perform friends. Due to children not responding to Michael when he tries to talk to them, at that place is little contact, causing Michael to be socially immature. To begin a plan to help Michael with his learning and social skills, there must be an rendering to why he has a earshot disorder as well as seeking strategies to support him in school. Use the definition laid out in IDEA to describe Michaels hearing disorder and the competency based individualized strategies for supporting him in a school setting.According to (Heward, 2013) p. 313, Michael is suffering from desensitiseness. His hearing loss is so severe that he is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification, which causes an effect on educational performance. well-nigh special educators distinguish between children who are deaf and those who are hard of hearing. Michael is deaf and bay windownot use hearing to sympathize speech. If Michael was competent to hear, he would be able to understanding and interpret speech without using any special device or techniques. Due to Michaels deafness, a hearing aid, would not allow him to understand speech through the ears alone. Most deaf people use their vision a s a primary sensory mode for learning and communication. Michael is unable to make friends and hisdisabilities interfere with his social development. As a person that has worked with disabilities I feel that part of this is because he is an only child and when he has play dates Michael doesnt understand them completely and because of his hearing and language it is also because the people that come over the play have a hard time understanding him. It is possible that Michael is socially immature because he grasst be understood and is not at the age mentally as the rest of the children his age.I feel that if Michael had a sibling either younger or a couple years older he would have a better understanding of how to make friends because he would be close to someone daily it would also help him to grow and become more mature. Since he is starting Kindergarten his year it would be great if he could get meet some of the kids earlier and make a friendship or play date with some class mate s so he doesnt get over whelmed as easy about the change. A hearing impairment can be considered a culture difference for Michael because he shares a language with other people that have this common issue and as he gets older social practices as well. Per our text many deaf people do not view themselves as disabled and consider hearing loss and inappropriate and demeaning term because it suggests a deficiency or pathology. It also refers to people in the individual way people who identify the Deaf culture prefer term such a teacher of the Deaf, school for the Deaf and the Deaf person (Heward, W. L. 2013)Deaf culture is shared language (in the U.S. American Sign Language ASL) social practices, literature and beliefs of the Deaf community members do not view deafness as a disability. One way that communication impacts Deaf Culture is what individuals with disabilities identify with. As a professional we can help Michael bridge the social and culture gap to be able to interact more wit h his peers by insuring him that it is ok to make friends, and use the resources that he has been, his hearing aids if he has them are great to help with hearing to understand speech, because he is developed mainly through the auditory channel, even if it is delayed. As professionals we could fall through Michael step by step directions to follow and be able to do observation on Michael to measure his progress to date.As the professional working with Michael I would encourage him to wear his hearing aids if he has them and start a reward program for him for following the expected behavior, also remember to give him compulsory reinforcement, if he hears the positive reinforcement and the encouragementand excitement in your actions then he leave want to follow also because kids want to make their old happy. As Michaels parents they could encourage play dates and interaction with other people his own age. If they are not planning on having any more children and Michael is going to keep an only child maybe the family can get some cousins to come and play on regular basis as well as children from around the neighborhood. Since he will be starting Kindergarten in a month the teacher in the class room could modify some of the learning lessons that she will teach to make them more on his level, also the teacher can communicate with all the others that are involved in the childs smell and come to a plan that is going to work for e reallyone and it can be used all around the board.All children that are exceptional need to be evaluated for their progress, I would have the teacher make some tally marks for the behavior for the day and let the child work towards a prize once that is completed I would ask the teacher to add the tally marks and make it so that it can be observed in a per centum for example out of 10 tries to hear and responds to the word that was said Michael will wear his hearing aids for 5 out of 10 trials, or 50% of the time if it is only 3 times out of the ten that Michael does this then it can be observed as 30 % of the time and it can be observed weekly and progress can be marked and measured to see what the progress would be.Also making use of all and any reinforcements that can be used will help the child to be successful. Since it is known that the child has a hearing problem it should be given out at first notice and then the child can sit up front in class and since most teachers have seating charts for their classroom it would not seem unusual for the child to be placed up front if others ask what the issue is later then it with consent the teacher can guess something to make it known to the class, some children will tell anyway but as the teacher in the classroom she should encourage the other children in the classroom to interact with Michael so that he can be excited to go to school.And most important of all enjoy his learning and school experience. As we learned with Michael people that are deaf or blind lose s ome of the most important things in life and it is not an easy thing to tame the person can live a wonderful life but need the encouragement and support to do so. So for Michael our 5 year old male that is hearing impaired and has trouble with his speech with the help of all the resources that are available andcoaching Michael can grow to be a very smart male later in life. He will also learn to be respectful and his hearing and speech will improve.ReferencesHeward, W.L. (2013). Exceptional needs children (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education.

The Golden Lily Chapter 17

ADRIANS CAR DROVE LIKE A DREAM.When I got behind the wheel, I nearly forgot to snap for any pursuit. In fact, I nearly forgot that I was supposed to be taking us to Wolfes and demo Adrian how to use a bring to get offher shift. Instead, I was caught up in the way the engine hummed around us and in the scent of the leather.Leaving his neighborhood, I had to restrain myself from flooring it in the move streets of downtown Palm Springs. This was a car screaming to be let loose on the open road. I had admired Braydens Mustang, plainly I adore this unitaryness.I feel like Ive just crashed close toones date, Adrian remarked, once we were get on the risqueway. no.one had tailed us reveal of downtown, making me feel oft safer. Like Im intruding on you 2. If you involve to drop me off approximatelyw here(predicate), Ill generalize.Huh?Id been paying c arful oersight to the way the car built up to higher speeds, some(prenominal) through sound and feel. The Mustang was in st unning shape. People often move over the idea that classic cars argon expensive. They argon if theyre in good condition. Most arent. When somethings sit down around for years without care, it inevitably f totallys apart, which is wherefore so many older cars are fixer-uppers. Not Adrians. This had been maintained and restored throughout the years and had probably never left the state of California meaning it hadnt faced harsh winters. That all added up to a high price tag, making it that much than than more besotted that Adrian had bought something he couldnt drive.I groaned. Im sorry I dont endure what I was infering. Well, I material body of knew. Id been wondering what my odds of a ticket would be if I stony-broke the speed limit to see how fast we could go. I shouldve been walking you through this as soon as I developed the car. I promise I entrust when we leave Wolfes, all the steps. For now, I guess we can recap the basics. This is the clutchAdrian didnt seem a nnoyed by my neglect. If anything, he styleed diverted and simply listened to my explanations with a small, ataraxis smile on his face.Wolfe looked just as disreputable as he had fail time, complete with the eye patch and what I suspected were the same Bermuda shorts as before. I hoped hed done laundry since then. Despite his appearance, he was ready to go when our class assembled and seemed competent in his subject matter. Although he reminded us again closely the importance of avoiding conflicts and being aware of ones surroundings, he quickly moved past those points and focused on actually practicing more physical ways of protecting oneself.Considering how much Adrian had complained last time roughly the boring safety talk, I figured hed be excited that we were pretty much jumping right into some action. Instead, that amused look from the car vanished, and he grew increasingly tense as Wolfe explained what he needinessed us to do in our partnered practice sessions.When the time actually came to practice, Adrian looked blatantly unhappy.Whats the matter? I entreated. I suddenly remembered last time, when Adrian had freaked out over my attack. Maybe he hadnt really expected hed have to get here. Come on, these are simple. You wont get dirty.Even when teaching more combative actions, Wolfe was still an advocate of keeping things fast and simple. We werent generateing to learn to beat someone up. These maneuvers were effective promoter of distracting an assailant so that we could escape. Most were done with the dummies, since we could hardly try to scotch fingers in each former(a)s eyes. Adrian went through those motions diligently, if silently. It was working directly with me that he seemed to have a problem with.Wolfe noniced it too as he made his rounds. Come on, boy She cant try to escape if you dont try to hold her. Shes non going to smart you, and you wont hurt her. The maneuver in question was actually one that wouldve been helpful the nigh t Id been grabbed in the alley. So, I was eager to practice it and frustrated that Adrian kept precisely halfheartedly helping. He was supposed to put an arm around my torso and attempt to cover my mouth. Unfortunately, his efforts were so weak and his hold so loose that I didnt use up any special(a) techniques to escape. I could have simply walked right out of his arms.With Wolfe in that respect, Adrian made a slightly better showing as an assailant still immediately resorted to his former ways once we were alone. Lets switch, I state at last, nearly wanting to pull my hair out. You try to escape me. Make up for last time. I couldnt believe that Adrians sluggish attitude had turned out to be the problem here. Id expected the hang-up would be me not wanting to suggestion a vampire, but it didnt bother me at all. I wasnt ideateing of him as a vampire. He was Adrian, and my partner in this class. I required him to learn the move. It was all very pragmatic. If I didnt know bet ter, Id almost say that Adrian was afraid to touch me, which made no sense. Moroi didnt have those hang-ups.Was something wrong with me? Why wouldnt Adrian touch me?Whats going on? I demanded, once we were in the car and headed spur to the city. I get that youre not an athlete, but what happened in thither? Adrian refused to meet my eyes and instead stared pointedly out the window. I dont think this is really my thing. I was all about playing action hero before, but now I dont know. This is a meritless idea. Its more work than I thought. There was a flippant, dismissive intent in his voice that I hadnt heard in a while.What happened to you finishing things you started? I asked. You told me you had changed.That was for art, verbalize Adrian quickly. Im still in those classes, arent I? I didnt jump ship on those. I just dont want to do this one anymore. Dont worry. Now that Ive got more money, Ill pay you back the class fee. You wont be out anything.That doesnt matter, I argued. I ts still a waste Especially since what Wolfes showing us isnt really that difficult. Were not rive ourselves apart like Eddie and Angeline would.Why is this so hard for you to stick with and learn? My earlier self-doubt returned. Do you just not want to work with me? Is at that place is there something wrong with me?No Of course not. Absolutely not, state Adrian. In my periphery, I saw him finally look at me. Maybe there are only so many things I can learn at once. I mean, Im supposed to also be learning to drive a stick shift. Not that I see that happening. I wanted to slap myself on the forehead. In my frustration over class, Id completely forgotten again about showing Adrian how to drive. I felt like an idiot, even though I was still mad at him for giving up on Wolfe. I checked the time. I had things to do tonight at Amberwood but felt obligated to make up for my shoddy teaching.Well practice once were back in your neighborhood, I promised. Well start slow, and Ill show you eve rything you need to do. I faculty even let you try driving around the block tonight if you seem like youre paying attention to the lesson. The transformation in Adrian was remarkable. He went from sullen and uncomfortable to cheerful and energetic. I couldnt figure it out. Sure, I found cars and driving fascinating, but technically speaking, there was a lot more detail to learn about manual transmission than there was in Wolfes evasive techniques. Why were those difficult for him, but the clutch was clear?I stuck around for about an hour when we got back. To his credit, Adrian paid attention to every word I said, although his results were inconsistent whenever I quizzed him or actually let him try something. Sometimes hed respond like a pro. Other times, hed seem totally lost on things I could have sworn hed picked up. By the end of the hour, I felt safe enough with him driving the car at low speeds on empty streets. He was a long way from the highway or stop-and-go traffic of a b usy city.Looks like weve got more lessons in our future, I told him when we finished. Id parked the car behind his building, and we were walking back toward the main entrance and Latte.Do not take that car beyond a half-mile radius. I checked the odometer. Ill know.Noted, he said, still wearing that smirky smile. Whens the next lesson? You want to scrape back tomorrow night?Cant, I said. Im going out with Brayden. I was surprised at how much I was looking forward to it. Not only did I want to make things up to him after the dance, but I also just wanted a dose of normality well, at least the kind of normality Brayden and I had together.Plus, things with Adrian were feeling really weirdOh. Adrians smile fell. Well. I understand. I mean, love and romance and all that.Were going to the textile museum, I said. Its cool, though Im not incontestable how much love and romance therell really be there.Adrian nearly came to a halt. Theres a textile museum here? What do people do there?We ll, they look at um, textiles. Theres actually a great exhibit on I stopped as we reached the front of the building. There, behind Latte, was a familiar car, the lease that Sonya and Dimitri were using. I looked questioningly at Adrian.Were you expecting them tonight?No, he said, resuming his walk to the door. Theyve got a key, though, so I suppose they can make themselves at home anytime. They do it a lot, actually. He eats my food, and she uses my hair stuff.I followed him. Hopefully its just Dimitri.After our recent revelations about the hunters, Sonya was pretty much under house arrest.Or so I thought. When we walked into the apartment, she was sitting on the couch. No Dimitri in sight. She glanced up at us from her laptop.Thank goodness youre here, she said, directing her words to me. Jill said you two were out and I was hoping to catch you.Something told me no good would come out of her wanting to catch me, but I had greater concerns. What are you doing here? I asked, half- expecting hunters to come through the door. Youre supposed to be at Clarences until you leave town.Day after tomorrow, she confirmed. She stood eyes alight with whatever had drive her here. But I needed to talk to you now face-to-face.I wouldve come to you, I protested. Its not safe for you to be out.Im fine, she said. I made sure I wasnt followed. This was too important. She was breathless and excited. much important than being caught by wannabe vampire hunters? Debatable.Adrian crossed his arms and looked surprisingly disapproving. Well, its too juvenile now.Whats going on?We got the results back from Sydneys blood, explained Sonya.My heart stopped. No, I thought. No, no, no.Just like with Dimitris blood, zilch physiological showed up, she said. Nothing unusual with proteins, antibodies, or anything like that.Relief poured through me. Id been right. Nothing special about me, no inexplicable properties.And in so far at the same time, I felt a tiny pang of regret. I wasnt the o ne who would fix everything.We sent it to a Moroi research lab this time, not an Alchemist one, Sonya continued. One of the researchers an farming user felt a hum of earth magic. Just like how Adrian and I felt spirit in Dimitris blood. The technician had other types of magic users examine your sample, and all four basic elements were detected.That panic returned. She had me on an emotional roller coaster, one that left me nauseous.Magic in my blood? A moment later, I understood. Of course there is, I said slowly.I touched my cheek. The tattoo has vampire blood and magic in it. Thats what it is. There are different degrees of charms in it from different users. That would show up in my blood. I shivered. Even with a logical explanation, it was a scary thing accepting that there was magic in my blood. Ms. Terwilligers spells were still anathema to me, but at least there was some comfort in knowing they drew magic from foreign of me. But knowing I had something internal? That was terrifying. And yet, I couldnt be surprised at this go steadying, not with the tattoo.Sonya nodded along. Yes, of course. But there must be something about that cabal thats repulsive to Strigoi. It may be the key to all of our work To my surprise, Adrian took a few steps toward me, and there was a tension in his stance that was fiercely protective.So you know Alchemist blood has magic in it, he said. Thats no surprise. Case closed.What do you want from her now?Another sample to start, said Sonya eagerly. Theres no(prenominal) left in the original vial I took, once all the testing was done. I know this sounds strange, but itd also be useful if a Moroi could well, taste your blood and see if it has the same repulsive quality as it did to Strigoi.Fresh blood would be ideal, but even Im not deluded enough to ask you to submit to a feeding.We should simply be able to use your sample and No, I said. I stumbled backward, horrified. Absolutely not. Whether its from a neck or a vial, th eres no way Im giving my blood for anyone to taste. Do you know how wrong that is? I know you do it all the time with feeders, but Im not one of them. I should never have given you the depression sample. You dont need me for any of this. Spirits the key. Lees proof that former Strigoi are the ones you need to examine.Sonya wasnt cowed by my outburst. She pushed forward, though her tone was gentler. I understand your fear, but think of the applications If something in your blood makes you resistant to Strigoi, then you could save countless lives.Alchemists arent resistant, I said. That tattoo isnt protecting us, if thats what youre getting at. Do you think that in all our history, there havent been Alchemists who were turned Strigoi?Well, of course, she said. Her words were hesitant, encouraging me.So, the magic you sensed in me is irrelevant. Its just the tattoo. All Alchemists have it.Maybe ours tastes bad, but Alchemist blood has nothing to do with Strigoi turning. It still happe ns to us. I was rambling but didnt care.Sonya grew perplexed, her mind running through the implications of this news. But do all Alchemists have bad-tasting blood? If so, how would a Strigoi be able to drain them?Maybe it varies by person, I said. Or maybe some Strigoi are tougher than others. I dont know. Regardless, we arent the ones to focus on.Unless theres just something special about you, mused Sonya.No. I didnt want that. I didnt want to be scrutinized, locked behind glass like Keith. I couldnt be. I prayed she wouldnt see how scared I was.Theres plenty thats special about her, said Adrian dryly. But her bloods not up for dispute.Why are you pushing this again after last time?Sonya glared at Adrian. Im not doing this for selfish reasons, you know that I want to save our people. I want to save all our people. I dont want to see any new Strigoi added to the world. No one should live like that. A haunted look shone in her eyes, as a memory seized her. That kind of bloodlust and complete lack of empathy for any other livelihood creature no one can imagine what its like. Youre hollow. A walking nightmare, and yetyou just dont careFunny attitude, said Adrian, seeing as you purposely chose to become one. Sonya paled, and I felt torn. I appreciated Adrians exculpation but also pitied Sonya. Shed explained to me in the past about how spirits instability the same instability Adrian feared had driven her to turning Strigoi. Looking back at her decision, she regretted it more than anything else in her life. She wouldve submitted herself for punishment, but no court knew how to handle her berth.Doing that was a mistake, she said coldly. One Ive learned from which is why Im so anxious to save others from that fate.Well, then find a way to do it without dragging Sydney into it You know how she feels about us Adrian faltered as he glanced at me, and I was surprised to almost detect bitterness in his voice. You know how the Alchemists feel. Keep involving her, and youll get her in trouble with them. And if youre so convinced theyve got the answers, ask them for volunteers and do experiments that way.Id help with that, I offered. Getting authorized subjects for you. Id talk to my superiors.Theyd like to see an end to Strigoi as much as you.When Sonya didnt answer right away, Adrian guessed why. She knows theyd say no, Sage. Thats why shes appealing to you directly and why they didnt send your blood to an Alchemist lab.Why cant you both see how important this is? asked Sonya, a desperate longing to do good in her eyes. It made me feel guilty and conflicted.I do, said Adrian. You think I dont want to see every single one of those bastard Strigoi wiped from the face of the earth? I do But not at the cost of forcing people to do things they dont want to.Sonya gave him a long, level look. I think youre letting your personalised feelings interfere with this. Your emotions are going to ruin our research. He smiled. Well, then. Be glad youll be free of me in two days. Sonya glanced between the two of us, looked like she was about to protest, and then thought better of it. Without another word she left, her face defeated. Again, I felt torn. In theory, I knew she was right but my gut just couldnt agree. I didnt mean to upset her, I said at last.Adrians face showed no sympathy. She shouldnt have upset you. She knows how you feel.I still felt a little bad, yet I couldnt shake the feeling that if I gave this, Id be asked to give more and more. I recalled the day Eddie and Dimitri had been coated in spirit magic. No way could I risk getting involved to that level. I was already pushing my limits too far. I know but its hard, I said. I like Sonya. I gave her the first vial, so I can see why she thought the second would be easy.Doesnt matter, he said. No is no.I really will adduce it to the Alchemists, I said. Maybe theyll want to help. I didnt think Id get in too much trouble for the first vial. The Alchemists endorsed the initial experiments after all, and Id probably get points for standing up to vampire peer pressure for the other sample.He shrugged. If they do, great. If not, its not your responsibility.Well, thanks for gallantly coming to my defense again, I teased. Maybe youd be more into Wolfes training if you got to protect someone else instead of yourself? The earlier smile returned. I just dont like seeing people bullied, thats all.But you should come back to Wolfe with me, I urged. You need a chance to try to get at me.Like that, he was serious again. He looked away. I dont know, Sage. Well see. For now, well just focus on the driving when you can get away from your boyfriend, of course. I left shortly after that, still confused about his weird behavior. Was that some of spirits crazy set up on the mind? One minute, he was brave and defensive. The next, he was down and obstinate. Maybe there was a pattern or some type of debate behind it all, but it was beyond my analytical abilities.Back at Amb erwood, I immediately headed for the library to get a book for my English class. Ms. Terwilliger had lightened up on my usual work so that I could devote more time to crafting her spells. Since her independent study which was supposed to be my easy elective took up more time than my other classes, it was refreshing to focus on something else for a change. As I was leaving the British Lit section, I caught sight of Jill and Eddie studying together at a table. That wasnt weird, exactly. What was weird was that Micah wasnt with them.Hey, guys, I said, slipping into a seat. Hard at work?Do you know how weird it is to be repeating my of age(p) year? asked Eddie. I cant even blow it off either. I have to get decent grades to stay here. I grinned. Hey, all knowledge is worth having.He tapped the papers in front of him. Yeah? You got any knowledge on the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize in fiction?Edith Wharton, I said automatically. He scrawled something onto his paper, and I turned to Jill. How are things with you? Wheres Micah?Jill had her chin propped in her hand and was gazing at me with the weirdest look. It was almost languid. It took her a few moments to snap out of her daze and respond. The dreamy look became embarrassed and then dismayed. She glanced down at her book.Sorry. I was just thinking how good you look in taupe. What did you ask?Micah? I prompted.Oh. Right. Hes got stuff to do.I was pretty sure that was the shortest explanation shed ever given me. I tried to remember what Id last heard on their status. You guys patched things up, right?Yeah. I guess. He understood about Thanksgiving. She brightened. Hey, Eddie and I were talking about that. Do you think we could all have a big family-style Thanksgiving at Clarences? Do you think hed mind? We could all help, and itd be lots of fun. I mean, aside from the cover, we really are like a family. Eddie says he can make the turkey.I think Clarence would love that, I said, happy to see her cheery agai n. Then, I replayed her words. I turned to Eddie incredulously. You know how to make a turkey? How would you have learned that? From what I knew, most dhampirs stayed nearly year-round at their schools from an early age. Not a lot of culinary time.Hey, he said, straight-faced. All knowledge is worth having. Jill laughed. He wouldnt check me either.You know, Angeline claims she can cook, said Eddie. We were talking about it at breakfast.She says she knows about cooking turkey too, so if we tag-team, we can pull it off. Of course, shell probably want to hunt and execute her own.Probably, I said. It was amazing that he was talking about working with her on anything.It was even amazing that he could speak about her fondly, without a grimace. I was rootage to think more and more that her display at the assembly had been a good thing. We didnt need animosity in this group. Well, I got what I came for, so Im caput back. Ill see you in the morning.See you, said Eddie.Jill said nothing, and when I glanced over, I saw that she was watching me again with that weird, enraptured look. She sighed happily. Adrian had a great time with you at your class tonight, you know.I nearly rolled my eyes. The bond leaves no secrets. He didnt always seem to be having a good time.No, he really did, she insure me. A dopey smile crossed her features. He loves that you love the car more than he does and thinks its awesome youre getting so good in your defense class. Not that thats a surprise. Youre always so good at everything, and you dont even realize it. You dont even realize half the things you do like how you watch out for others and never even think about yourself.Even Eddie looked a little astonished by that. He and I exchanged puzzled looks. Well, I said awkwardly, really unsure how to handle this Sydney lovefest. I decided escape was my best option. Thanks. Ill see you later and hey. Whered you get that?Huh? she asked, blinking out of her enraptured haze.Jill was wearing a s ilk scarf painted in rich jewel tones, almost reminding me of a peacocks tail. It also reminded me of something else, but I couldnt quite put my finger on it. The scarf. Ive seen it before.Oh. She ran her fingers over the smooth material. Lia gave it to me.What? When did you see her?She stopped by the dorm yesterday to give the dresses back again. I didnt tell you because I knew youd want to return them.I do, I said adamantly.Jill sighed. Come on, lets just keep them. Theyre so pretty. And you know shell just bring them back anyway.Well deal with that later. Tell me about the scarf.Its no big deal. She was stressful to pitch me on this scarf collection Yeah, yeah, she told me too. How she could make it so no one recognized you. I shook my head, feeling a surprising total of anger. Was nothing under my control anymore? I cant believe she went behind my back Please tell me you didnt sneak off with her to do a characterisation shoot.No, no, said Jill quickly. Of course not. But you dont think I mean, you dont think theres any way she could pull it off? Hide me?I tried to keep my tone gentle. After all, I was mad at Lia, not Jill. Maybe. Maybe not. You know we cant take the chance.Jill nodded, face sad. Yeah.I left feeling annoyed and was so distract that I nearly ran into Trey. When he didnt respond to my greeting, I realized he was even more distracted than I was. There was a haunted look in his eyes, and he seemed exhausted.You okay? I asked.He managed a weak smile. Yeah, yeah. Just feeling the pressure of everything. Nothing I cant handle. What about you? Dont they usually have to throw you out of this place? Or did you finally get tired of being here for eight hours?I just needed one book, I said. And I was actually only here ten minutes. I was out most of the night.The smile fell, replaced by a lour. Out with Brayden?Thats tomorrow. I had, um, family stuff tonight.The frown deepened. You go out a lot, Melbourne. You have a lot of friends outside school. Not that many, I said. Im not living a party lifestyle, if thats what youre getting at.Yeah, well. Be careful. Ive heard about some scary stuff going on out there. I remembered him being concerned for Jill too. I usually kept up on all the local news and had heard nothing alarming recently. What, is there a crime ring in Palm Springs I should know about?Just be careful, he said.We started to part ways, and then I called to him, Trey? I know its your own business, but whatevers going on if you want to talk, Im here. It was a huge concession for me, seeing as I wasnt always the most socially adept person.Trey gave me a wistful smile. Noted.I was kind of reeling as I went back to my dorm. Adrian, Jill, Trey. I suppose if you counted Eddie and Angeline getting along, everyone in my life was behaving weirdly. All part of the job, I thought.As soon as I was back in my room, I called Donna Stanton with the Alchemists. I never could be sure what time zone she was in, so I wasnt too concerne d about the late hour. She answered right away and didnt sound tired, which I took as a good sign. She hadnt responded to my e-mail about the Warriors, and I was anxious for news. They posed too big a threat to us to be ignored.Miss Sage, she said. I was planning on calling you soon. I trust everythings okay with the Dragomir girl?Jill? Yeah, shes fine. I wanted to check in on some other things. You got the info I sent you about the Warriors of Light?Stanton sighed. Thats what I was going to call you about. Have you had any more runins?No. And they dont seem to have been following us anymore either. Maybe they gave up.Unlikely. Her next words took a long time to get out. Not from what weve spy in the past.I froze, momentarily speechless. In the past? Do you mean youve run into them before?I was hoping they were just some I dont know. A crazy, locate group.Unfortunately, no. Weve encountered them before. Sporadically, mind you. But they pop up everywhere.I was still in disbelief. B ut I was always taught that any hunters had disappeared centuries ago. Why has no one ever talked about this?Honestly? asked Stanton. Most Alchemists dont know. We want to run an efficient organization, one that deals with the vampire problem in an organized, peaceful way. There are some people in our group who ability want to take more extreme action. Its best then if the existence of our radical offshoot is kept secret. I wouldnt have even told you, but with all the interlocutor youre having, you need to be prepared.Offshoot then they are related to Alchemists I was sickened.Not for a very long time. She sounded equally disgusted. Theres almost no resemblance anymore. Theyre reckless and savage. The only reason we let them be is because they usually just go after Strigoi. This situation with Sonya Karp is more difficult. She hasnt had any more threats?No. I just saw her tonight which brings up the other reason I called I gave Stanton a addition of the various blood experiments, including my own donation. I painted it in very scientific terms, how it had seemed useful as extra data. I then made sure to sound properly appalled by the second request which wasnt that difficult.Absolutely not, said Stanton. No hesitation. Often, Alchemist decisions went through chains of command, even with someone as high up as her. It was a sign of how much this went against Alchemist beliefs that she didnt even have to consult anyone. Human control-blood is one thing. The rest shes suggesting is out of the question. I will not allow humans to be used in these experiments, especially when the evidence clearly shows the former Strigoi need to be the focus not us. Besides, for all we know, this is some ploy on the Moroi part to get more of our blood for personal reasons. I didnt believe that last part at all and tried to find a tactful way of saying so. Sonya seems to sincerely believe this would help protect against Strigoi. She just doesnt seem to grasp how we feel about it. Of course she wouldnt, said Stanton dismissively. None of them do. She and I returned our focus to the vampire hunters. The Alchemists were doing some investigating on any sightings in the area. She didnt want me to do any active investigation myself, but I was to report in immediately if any other information came my way. She was assuming the Warriors of Light were operating nearby, and once she found out where, the Alchemists would deal with them. I wasnt entirely sure what that meant, but her tone made me shiver. As shed pointed out earlier, we werent a particularly aggressive group though we were excellent at getting rid of problems.Oh, I said, just as we were wrapping up. Did you ever find out anything about Marcus Finch? Id tried locating Clarences mysterious human, whod helped against the hunters, but had found nothing. Id hoped Stanton might have more connections.No. But well keep looking. A slight pause. Miss Sage I cant emphasize enough how pleased we are with the work you re doing. Youve run into a few more complications than any of us expected, yet you handle them all efficiently and properly. Even your conduct with the Moroi is outstanding. A weaker person might have yielded to Karps request. You refused and contacted me. Im so proud I took the chance on you.I felt a tightening in my chest. So proud. I couldnt remember the last time someone had said they were proud of me. Well, my mother did a lot, but no one tied to my work among the Alchemists did. For most of my life, Id hoped my father would say he was proud. Id finally given up on expecting that. Stanton was hardly a parental figure, but her words triggered happiness in me I hadnt known was waiting to come out.Thank you, maam, I said, when I could finally speak.Keep it up, she said. When I can, Ill get you out of that place and into a position that doesnt involve so much contact with them.And like that, my world came crashing down. I suddenly felt guilty. She really had given me a chance, and now I was deceiving her. I was hardly like Liam, ready to mete out my soul to the Strigoi, but I also wasnt staying objective with my charges. Driving lessons. Thanksgiving.What would Stanton say if she knew about that? I was a sham, reaping glory I didnt deserve.If I was truly a dedicated Alchemist, Id change my life here. Id stop all extraneous activities with Jill and the others. I wouldnt even attend Amberwood Id accept the offer of outside accommodations.Id only come here and see the gang when I absolutely was required to.If I could do those things, then Id truly be a good Alchemist.And, I realized, Id also be terribly, awfully lonely.Thank you, maam, I said.It was the only response I could give.

Elementary education effectiveness in Mississippi Essay

multiple sclerosis consists of four-hundred and eighty-six thousand people living in privation ten per centum of children belong to families that argon non able to meet their needs (2005). Recent statistics collection that those living in poverty are fifty-one percent African American and approximately xlvii percent Caucasian (2005). Research has shown that the socioeconomic status of scholarly persons entrance the degree of success they will experience. (Donahue &Grigg, 2003) Mississippi has varying degrees of adaptation progression among school districts.In the 2003-2004 school year, six districts, consisting of one elementary school, flipper middle schools and one high school, were identified as in need for improvement, based on the reading and math proficiency of its students. For the purpose of this study, only schools reflecting a lack in reading proficiency will be discussed. The U. S. Secretary of Education, Margaret Spelling announced in a November 2005 press relea se, Eighty percent of the fastest-growing jobs require at least some post secondary education.Yet far too many an(prenominal) students are leaving high school unprepared for college. Improved student exertion can deliver students better preparation for college, thus closing the proceeding gap. Low socioeconomic schools, although improving, are still layabout the majority of middle-to-upper class schools in America (Donahue & Grigg, 2003). There are several factors to consider when looking at closing the achievement gap put together in funky socioeconomic schools.One factor is that young, down in the mouth-income and minority children are more likely to start school without having gained important school readiness skills, such as recognizing letters and counting (2003). As Donahue and Griggs report showed, when students start school already behind others, they are likely to continue such patterns if not addressed beforehand(predicate) on. Existing studies demonstrate the p roblems researchers are having addressing literacy issues early on in a students academic career.Researches are trying to find appropriate strategies to combat the achievement gap with many variables which will be discussed further in detail, in the following study. Purpose of the carry The following is a detailed investigation into possible explanations of varying degrees of reading achievement found in Mississippi and what can be done to maintain a higher over altogether proficiency in reading among Mississippi students, while satisfying the requirements of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. galore(postnominal) schools withdraw chosen to implement a school-wide approach to closing the achievement gap however, when dealing with schools consisting earlier of low-income students, there are other factors to consider when choosing a strategy. The proposed study will focus on improving reading skills in high-poverty schools found in Mississippi by comparing different techniques wi dely use and creating a more targeted strategy for low-income students. When deciding on an appropriate strategy for improving reading recognition there are a few factors one must consider.The following questions will outline the factors to be researched in this study. Research Questions 1. What impact does social economic status have on the achievement gaps found in the earth of Mississippi? 2. What are the contri anding factors found in Mississippi schools that are demonstrating low reading scores among economic eithery disadvantaged students? 3. Are there high-poverty schools in Mississippi which demonstrate positive degree improvements in reading scores? What are the strategies utilise? 4. How does implementing Theory into Practice (TIP) encourage positive student achievement in disadvantaged schools?Hypothesis To affectively close low socioeconomic achievement gaps in reading, fast emphasis on establishing proficient reading ability should be made in elementary school. di sposition of the subscribe The research conducted in this study will be an investigation of existing literature regarding techniques used in improving reading skills, exemplary schools demonstrating such techniques and finally, a suggested strategy to use when applying research to low socioeconomic schools with low reading proficiency found in Mississippi school districts.Significance of the Study The significance of this study is that by identifying factors contributing to the achievement gap found in low socioeconomic school districts, as well as investigating into existing programs that have had a positive influence on reading performance scores in other high-poverty schools is that, school administrators and policy makers will have a better basis in which to improve upon existing programs and interventions that would be more financially attainable than starting new programs.The high cost of starting new programs such as creating new discernment strategies, providing more staf f and researchers as well as other costly planning and implementing variables, often time are not practical for low-economic schools. While children of today are growing up in a world where data are being revealed at an alarming rate and knowledge is simply a click away, reading plays an increasingly crucial procedure in society (Topping & Paul, 1999).The ability to read is not only fundamental for understanding and mastery of e real school subject students will encounter, but literacy similarly plays a critical and crucial role in students social and economic lives (Snow, Bums, & Griffin, 1998). As a result, no other factor will have a greater impact on the success of students in Mississippi than their ability to read.With such an emphasis placed on the importance of reading achievement, educational leadership must clearly articulate the expectation that all students can become successful readers, while providing the some effective strategies and opportunities for students to succeed in reading and adopt lifelong reading practices. (Okpala, et al. , 2001) Definitions of Terms Action team up for Partnership- This partnership is also known as a School Improvement Team or a School Council.Although the ATP members oversee the schools partnership program, other teachers, parents, students, administrators, and community members also may lead family and community involvement activities (ATP website). Adequate Yearly Progress- AYP requires that schools hold the same high standards for all their students irrespective of racial or ethnic background, socioeconomic status and English proficiencyCore Academic Subjects- These subjects accommodate English, language arts and reading, arts, civics, government and history, mathematics and science, foreign languages, as well as, economics and geography. Elementary School- a nonprofit brass which includes, public school, day or residential school and elementary charter schools which State law mandated elementary educati on.Family Literacy Services The services provided to participants on a voluntary basis that foster a positive change in families. These changes include, providing families with interactive activities between parents and child concerning literacy, teaching parents to take an active role in their childrens education, teaching self-sufficiency by providing parental literacy training, and providing education to children which is age-appropriate and prepares them for school and life experiences. passing Qualified (in reference to public elementary or secondary school teacher) A highly fitting teacher will possess a State certification for teaching or holds a freedom to teach in a particular state due to passing the State exam and is busy in a teaching position after meeting all required testing, training and educational requirements satisfactory to the State, district and school regulations. Mentoring- A responsible elder who provides positive leadership and guidance to a child as a positive role model in that childs life. A mentor mission is to help a child to one day become a responsible adult.Minority- a group of students which do not demonstrate the majoritys characteristics, such as socioeconomic status, ethnic background or other key characteristics. Other Staff- staff found within an institution such as personnel, guidance counselors, and administration and teachers aides. Limitations In her 2005 press release Secretary Spelling said, we all hear a lot of stories about why schools are missing Adequate Yearly Progress, but we dont hear much about how thousands of other schools are making it and closing the achievement gap.This study is limited by location its main concentration being primarily on Mississippi schools, programs and outcomes. The primary research method is investigating existing literature, as such there is lusty literature on the failures of many schools trying to improve student achievement however there is very little literature depict ing success. One other limitation to consider is that this study focuses on reading proficiency however to get the most accurate depiction of a schools success is to consider all core academic subjects.